*por James Scriven
Esta semana tuve la oportunidad de participar en el Foro de Inversión y Negocios de Argentina que se celebra en Buenos Aires. El mundo ha seguido de cerca cómo el país ha protagonizado el inicio de una nueva conversación con el sector privado sobre cómo abrir sus mercados al mundo.
Y ya estamos empezando a ver los primeros frutos del trabajo del gobierno. La resolución del conflicto con los acreedores externos ha empezado a abrir al país, así como las decisiones de flotar el tipo de cambio y de reducir las restricciones a los flujos comerciales y de capital. Estos esfuerzos podrían desembocar en una reducción de las tasas de interés en pesos y en revitalizar el crédito local. Estas medidas tienen el potencial de complementar la financiación externa en el largo plazo.
En el mediano plazo, la estabilidad de la situación fiscal continúa siendo un reto para los sectores público y privado – una tendencia que está avanzando por el camino correcto. Esto debe llevar a una percepción más positiva del riesgo relacionado al país y a una mejora de su calificación crediticia, que hoy se encuentra en B-. Al mejorar ese aspecto, los prestamistas internacionales podrían reducir sus niveles de aprovisionamiento, con lo cual se abarataría el crédito.
Argentina también está tratando de cerrar su déficit en infraestructura. Su marco de asociaciones público-privadas está ante el Congreso. Estructuras legales y financieras que faciliten la financiación de proyectos atraerán al sector privado. Esto, junto con una estabilización del sector de energía desde un punto de vista financiero, podría impulsar nuevas inversiones.
Argentina también está tratando de complementar su oferta existente de gas de esquisto y petróleo y expandir la energía para estimular su capacidad de producción económica. La primera licitación de energías renovables, RenovAR, pretende invertir al menos US$1.500 millones. El gobierno ha enviado una clara señal de que tiene la intención de fomentar la generación de energía renovable.
Esta semana, el Financial Times reportaba que el mundo ha llegado a un récord de US$290.000 millones en inversiones en energía renovable. Los costos en el sector están cayendo rápidamente. La Agencia Internacional de la Energía anunció que los proyectos de energía renovable han capturado la tasa más alta de su historia en términos de inversiones globales en la industria. Aunque estas tendencias indican que vamos por buen camino, el informe pone de relieve que las inversiones globales en energías renovables se deben triplicar para cumplir los objetivos de París. Los gobiernos, los donantes y los inversores están uniendo fuerzas para multiplicar los recursos disponibles para la energía renovable. Argentina ofrece un terreno fértil.
Los éxitos de la Corporación Interamericana de Inversiones (CII) en energía solar y eólica en Chile y Uruguay nos ayudarán a navegar este incipiente mercado en Argentina. Como brazo del sector privado del Grupo BID, tenemos una cartera de 16 proyectos y US$183 millones en inversiones vigentes en Argentina. Tenemos otros US$600 millones en proyectos que esperamos ejecutar en los próximos años.
Nos centramos en energías renovables e infraestructura para el transporte, así como en instituciones financieras que prestan a las PyMEs, muchas de ella encabezadas por mujeres. Sin embargo, dado que los inversores del sector privado y los bancos multilaterales de desarrollo se enfocan en la infraestructura, no debemos financiar cualquier tipo de infraestructura. Debemos centrarnos en infraestructura sostenible. El cambio climático es real, y los proyectos que tengan en cuenta estos riesgos tendrán mejor rendimiento y durarán más tiempo.
En la CII, nos interesa participar en transacciones de transporte masivo que saquen de circulación miles de automóviles, o en operaciones de energía renovable que aporten decenas o cientos de megavatios de energía limpia. Queremos contribuir a las ciudades sostenibles. Queremos asegurarnos de que Argentina no sólo pueda competir en el siglo XXI, sino que pueda invertir en crear un paisaje social y medioambiental para las próximas generaciones.
Este artículo forma parte del blog Negocios Sostenibles de la Corporación Interamericana de Inversiones (CII).
Acerca del autor
*James Scriven es el Gerente General de la Corporación Interamericana de Inversiones (CII). Antes de incorporarse a la CII, el señor Scriven se desempeñó como vicepresidente de Riesgo Corporativo y Sostenibilidad en la Corporación Financiera Internacional (IFC), institución donde también fue responsable de los departamentos de Crédito, Riesgo Corporativo, Operaciones Especiales y Medio Ambiente y Sostenibilidad, además de miembro del equipo gerencial. También fue vicepresidente del Comité de Riesgo Corporativo, presidente suplente del Comité de Clientes Corporativos y presidente del Grupo Directivo de Ejecución y Diligencia, y lideró la Iniciativa sobre Eficiencia en los Procesos. De doble nacionalidad argentina/británica, el señor Scriven es graduado en Administración de Empresas por la Universidad Católica Argentina y tiene una maestría en Finanzas de la Universidad del CEMA, también en Argentina.
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