Hace una semana, preparé una breve charla para la reunión del Capítulo PMI El Salvador, y me llamó la atención el interés que despierta el pensamiento Lean, que de hecho muy poco se enseña en los colegios y universidades. La filosofía Lean, que tuvo sus orígenes en Japón tras la finalización de la segunda guerra mundial, sorprendió al mundo industrial por la alta calidad y bajos costos demostrados en la fabricación de vehículos producidos, especialmente en la fábrica Toyota. Luego, en los 90´s, la filosofía fue estudiada por académicos del MIT, produciendo toda una teoría de Gestión Lean, la cual fue conocida en inglés como Lean Thinking (Womack, Jones).
La Gestión Lean se enfoca principalmente en la eliminación del desperdicio en toda actividad productiva. Lo que no produce un valor al cliente, es imperativo eliminarlo, a menos que sea un requisito ineludible, para dar cumplimiento a una ley o regulación.
La filosofía Lean tiene hoy en día, gran aplicabilidad en la mayoría de las industrias, y es muy común observar como grandes corporaciones han implementado este tipo de gestión en el marco operativo de sus negocios. Gigantes de la aviación, como Boeing, Airbus y otros, fabrican sus aeronaves bajo conceptos de gestión Lean, y han podido reducir los tiempos de entrega de sus aeronaves hasta en un 20%.
A los profesionales de Proyectos, se les presenta una gran oportunidad de lograr enormes eficiencias en la planificación y ejecución de sus proyectos. Simplemente, hay que revisar los elementos claves del proyecto bajo la lupa de la Gestión Lean. Asumiendo que los profesionales de proyectos, están siguiendo una metodología como la del Project Management Institute, plasmada en el PMBOK y sus estándares, podemos decir que las grandes áreas donde pueden comenzar su gestión Lean serán entre otras:
Con seguridad, que a la luz de Lean, podemos ir encontrando más formas de ir eliminando el desperdicio, antes y durante la ejecución de los proyectos. Importante realizar el registro de lecciones aprendidas, para ir plasmando las oportunidades encontradas, para que sirva de base para proyectos futuros.
Más allá de estas oportunidades, revisemos si durante la ejecución de los proyectos estamos usando las mejores prácticas de la industria. Es un deber tener una declaración de la Política de Calidad de la organización, y bien definidos los estándares por los cuales todos enmarcaran sus actividades, decisiones y planes. Revise si sus equipos están preparados para detectar errores mediante cualquiera que sea su metodología, y si son capaces de solucionar estos desde la raíz. Prevenir los defectos es mucho más barato que corregirlos, además, el cliente no perdona.
Si usted desea comenzar hoy su viaje hacia Lean, comience por usted mismo, por su Gemba personal: su escritorio, su computadora, su agenda, su guardarropa, su habitación, etc. Luego siga en busca de la excelencia personal, removiendo de su alimentación todo aquello que no lo nutre adecuadamente y de hábitos personales pocos sanos. Amplié luego a su entorno familiar, enseñe a sus hijos el gusto por lo limpio y el orden; luego proceda con su oficina y por supuesto en su empresa. Le deseo lo mejor en este camino, largo pero reconfortante cuando vea los resultados.
Sergio Carrillo, PMP. Septiembre 12, 2016
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