Hoy dio la vuelta al mundo la noticia que Nelson Mandela ha fallecido. ¿Cuál fue la característica de su vida que ocasiono tanto cambio y se convirtió en un icono de libertad y paz en Sudáfrica? Indudablemente, Mandela se apegó fuertemente a sus principios éticos y fue un luchador con coraje y esperanza en un futuro mejor para su pueblo. Precisamente, esta dimensión ética del líder deseo desarrollar en nuestro primer blog del Capítulo del PMI El Salvador.
Me afilie al Project Management Institute en el 2008, luego de que mi profesor de MBA Pablo Lledó, PMP, nos explicara la gran cantidad de recursos que el PMI ofrecía para sus miembros en términos de información, investigaciones, material didáctico, etc. Pero hubo un aspecto muy diferenciador al resto de membresías que se suelen adquirir durante el ejercicio de una carrera profesional, y esto fue precisamente al énfasis que hace el PMI a adherirse al Código de Ética y Conducta Profesional (CECP). Esto produce una pregunta de carácter práctico/filosófico: En que consiste esto de la ética en los proyectos, y que hay para mí en esto?
Para tratar de contestar esta interrogante, el PMI ha creado el Grupo de Asesoramiento de Ética para los miembros (Ethics Member Advisory Group), formado por voluntarios experimentados del PMI, y aquí resumo sus ideas más relevantes.
La idea principal que promueve el CECP es que la Ética es saludable para los negocios. Las actividades que se realizan sin apego a la ética profesional se traducen en: altos costos, pérdida de reputación y rendimiento pobre. Por otro lado, las actividades realizadas respetando un código de ética resultan en una mayor satisfacción del empleado, una mayor lealtad del cliente y una productividad óptima.
El PMI afirma que la reputación y credibilidad de la profesión de Project Management, esta moldeada por la conducta profesional colectiva de sus practicantes.
Los 5 valores fundamentales del CECP son: Honestidad, Responsabilidad, Equidad y Respeto; y estos deben de marcar las actuaciones los negocios en los cuales los profesionales en proyectos se desenvuelven.
Tener presente que existe una confusión entre lo que es Legal y lo que es Ético. Lo ético siempre tendrá un mayor alcance que lo legal e implica un proceso de aprendizaje. Lo ético no puede obligarse, ya que depende de los valores del individuo.
Los gerentes de proyectos, tendrán una enorme tarea, en cuanto deberán considerar siempre las implicaciones legales y éticas de sus decisiones. Actividades que no pasan un examen ético, tendrán repercusiones difícil de estimar en la sociedad. ¿Cuantos profesionales de la salud sin ética profesional han hecho daño irreversible en pacientes? ¿Cuantos productos de uso cotidiano, como juguetes, han sido fabricados (y seguirán siéndolo) con pinturas que producen cáncer?
El Grupo de Asesoramiento de Ética del PMI, establece los 5 pasos esenciales para la toma de decisiones en aspectos con trasfondo ético:
1. Valoración: Asegúrese de tener toda la información necesaria ante un hecho de posibles implicaciones éticas.
2. Revise: examine todas las alternativas.
3. Analice: Identifique su decisión y póngala a prueba.
4. Aplique: verifique sus principios éticos se reflejan en su decisión.
5. Ejecute: lleve a cabo su decisión.
Pero, que hay para mí en esto de la ética?
Los directores de proyectos, al igual que los CEO ’s, los ministros de una cartera de gobierno, profesores de colegios, etc. dirigen grupos de personas, y estas necesitan no solo ser guiadas, sino también “inspiradas”. Muy difícilmente, un líder podrá generar pasión en su equipo de trabajo si tiene antecedentes de ser una persona con carencias éticas en su conducta. Los clientes, por otro lado, siempre estarán dispuestos a pagar por servicios o productos que no provoquen algún daño a alguien o al medio ambiente. Hoy más que nunca, las empresas están compitiendo entre sí por tener prácticas medioambientales seguras, y las que más genuinamente las desarrollen, por seguro tendrán respaldo de los consumidores. Le compraría usted una medicina a su hijo a sabiendas que la compañía farmacéutica tiene reputación de utilizar ingredientes de mala calidad? Pagaría por un galón de gasolina que le ofrece cierto octanaje y a la larga le ocasiona desperfectos mecánicos? Desde el punto de vista de los inversionistas, estaría usted dispuesto a invertir en una empresa que miente en sus libros contables? O que defrauda al fisco mediante artimañas evasivas?
El ambiente corporativo actual está más globalizado que nunca, y es allí donde las culturas se cruzan y tratan unas de alinearse con las otras. Vemos empresas de Japón realizando negocios con empresas de America latina, o de Europa. Muy aparte de lo que nos podría distinguir una cultura de otra, siempre existirá una necesidad de confianza mutua. Pareciera que el pegamento para relaciones perdurables esta en actuar de forma coherente con lo que decimos y ofrecemos. Todos deseamos vernos unos a otros como personas dignas de confianza, sin realizar transacciones económicas fraudulentas.
Las organizaciones deben de crear, sin excepción, un código de ética propio, que ayude a dirimir los conflictos internos, los intereses contrapuestosque evite las negociaciones no transparentes. Este código de conducta, servirá para todos los integrantes identificar cuales actuaciones deben de evitarse y combatirse, y claro está, cuales deben de ser observadas por todos los integrantes de la misma. El código de ética corporativo, debe de promoverse tanto o más que la Visión o Misión de la empresa u organización. Muy difícilmente una organización alcanzará sus metas bajo un esquema de desprestigio y mala reputación.
El PMI enfatiza y promueve realizar proyectos de forma responsable, con conductas profesionales, donde todos los “stakeholders” logren beneficios de forma genuina y responsable. El cumplimiento del CECP es obligatorio para todos los miembros, y promueve un alto estándar de profesionales.
El CECP puede descargarse mediante el siguiente enlace http://www.pmi.org/About-Us/
Colaboración de Sergio Carrillo, PMP, comunicaciones@pmi-elsalvador.
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