Queridos lectores,
Me incorporo al Economista para hablar de empresa familiar. La empresa familiar tiene una enorme trascendencia en el mundo. El tejido empresarial global es fundamentalmente familiar. Algunos datos. Se estima que el 80% de las empresas del mundo son familiares según un reciente estudio de EY. En Latinoamérica hay informes que elevan hasta el 85% el porcentaje de organizaciones de carácter familiar Pero la empresa familiar no es necesariamente la pequeña empresa gestionada de modo artesano. Aproximadamente el 15% de las que compañías que forman parte de reputados índices bursátiles como el S&P 500 o el Stoxx 600 tienen carácter familiar. El 30% de las Top 100 empresas europeas son familiares y según una publicación de McKinsey esta tasa se eleva al 65% en economías en vías de desarrollo.
Desde los medios, la consultoría o el ámbito académico tradicionalmente se ha tratado siempre a la empresa familiar en clave de problema. Pareciera que todo lo ligado a la empresa familiar diera lugar a problemas. Me parece un enfoque muy injusto. Acostumbro a decir que la empresa familiar es solución y no problema. Baso esta afirmación en los profundos valores que he encontrado en tantas y tantas familias empresarias a lo largo de mis años de trabajo en este campo como asesor o académico
La línea editorial de este blog va a ser bien distinta. Desde este post de inauguración de este nuevo blog me gustaría, sobre todo, resaltar la enorme contribución que la empresa familiar hace a la creación de empleo, innovación, riqueza y bienestar. Quiero aportar una visión más optimista que destaque la contribución que las familias empresarias en todo el mundo y, en particular en Latinoamérica y Centroamérica, donde están jugando un papel central en la creación de progreso que se sustenta en la construcción de una clase media amplia que ofrece estabilidad económica y política. Las bases del crecimiento económico. Las familias empresarias son los grandes emprendedores del mundo. Ahora que afortunadamente se impulsa el fenómeno emprendedor, la sociedad debiera tener una mirada cómplice hacia las familias empresarias de su territorio.
Te comparto algunas otras evidencias. Un estudio elaborado por la gestora de fondos de Banca March, por cierto grupo empresarial familiar español, destaca que un inversor en bolsa que hubiera invertido de forma equiponderada en corporaciones europeas familiares en los últimos 16 años hubiera obtenido una tasa de rentabilidad acumulada del ¡¡¡250%!!!
En mi tesis doctoral demostré que las empresas familiares son más éticas que las no familiares, tomando como elemento de métrica la manipulación contable.
La clave para entender este buen desempeño de las empresas familiares está en su gestión por valores. Al final del día, las empresas familiares que consiguen su objetivo fundacional de trascender generaciones construyen un legado formado por un proyecto y unos valores compartidos. Me estoy refiriendo a cuestiones como la visión de largo plazo, el orgullo de pertenencia con lo que esto supone de extramotivación de las personas vinculadas a la compañía, la preocupación por la reputación, el fuerte compromiso de accionistas y alta dirección con el proyecto, o la prudencia en la gestión financiera.
Llevo muchos años trabajando como asesor de familias empresarias. Siempre les insto a identificar y cultivar sus valores. Valores que se traducen en comportamientos que acaban formando parte de la cultura de la empresa. Valores que deben pasar de generación en generación. Que se deben grabar en piedra no sólo en las paredes de la fábrica sino también, en sentido figurado, en las mentes y corazones de quienes conformar la el proyecto empresarial y familiar.
Por todas estas razones mi mirada a la empresa familiar no es como una fuente de problemas sino como solución, como espejo en el que mirarse. Especialmente en estos tiempos de profundos cambios de paradigma derivados de la que denomino sociedad del cambio que nos toca transitar, tan impactada por fenómenos como globalización y digitalización. En particular, las empresas familiares latinas se están convirtiendo en una plataforma de desarrollo muy relevante. Cada vez tenemos más empresas familiares multilatinas, cuando no globales.
Por tanto, quiero que los lectores de este nuevo blog compartan esta visión positiva de la empresa familiar. Que los miembros de familias empresarias que nos sigan sientan un legítimo orgullo de pertenencia y contribuyan a la sostenibilidad de sus proyectos. Será beneficioso para ellos y para el conjunto de la sociedad. Es muy alta la responsabilidad que tienen
Hay numerosas evidencias, ya expusimos algunas, de que la empresa familiar compara mejor con otro tipo de organizaciones en términos de beneficios, internacionalización, solvencia, calidad de la oferta comercial, atención al desarrollo de sus empleados o ética. La empresa familiar, sobre todo las de menor dimensión, suele fallar en la gestión de los intangibles, como la comunicación, porque no está habituada a formalizar espacios de reflexión estratégica en los que atender adecuadamente temas importantes por más que no sean urgentes. Aplica en este caso, una frase muy pragmática de John D Rockefeller que dice “Reputación es hacer las cosas bien y que se sepa”. Muchas empresas familiares hacen las cosas bien, y hasta muy bien. El reto es trasladarlo al conjunto de la sociedad. Así que a la tarea.
Comparto para acabar otra enseñanza tras muchos años conviviendo con familias empresarias. Nada tan potente como una empresa familiar que sabe manejar bien sus singularidades. Aprendamos de las empresas familiares exitosas. Porque créeme: son solución, no problema. De estos asuntos nos estaremos ocupando en los próximos post de este blog que hoy inauguramos y en el que te invito no solo a seguirnos sino a participar activamente.
Hasta pronto. No dejes de esforzarte por ser muy feliz que, al final del día, es lo más importante para ti y los que te rodean
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