* María Eugenia Miquilena
A lo largo de su vasta geografía, América Latina cuenta con destinos turístico que delinean experiencias inolvidables a través del derroche de sus paisajes, de los sabores de sus comidas y de la calidez de su gente.
Sin embargo, en muchos de estos lugares también abunda la desigualdad y la pobreza, que observa de cerca la llegada de visitantes, al tiempo que padece el arraigo de sus propias dificultades sociales y económicas.
El sector turístico genera más del 8% de los empleos en América Latina y contribuye al 9% del PIB mundial, según la Organización Mundial del Turismo (OMT). Este panorama convierte al sector en un jugador clave en el desarrollo de capacidades productivas en comunidades vulnerables, especialmente de aquellas que, de forma directa o indirecta, están vinculadas a la llegada de visitantes.
Gracias a los cambios tecnológicos y a la cantidad de información disponible, han surgido nuevas maneras de hacer turismo, por lo que su dinamismo es más fuerte que nunca. Si bien una parte importante de la oferta turística aún le pertenece al turismo tradicional (hoteles, restaurantes, museos, teatros, parques, entre otros), empieza a crecer la búsqueda de experiencias turísticas respetuosas con la sociedad y el ambiente. Es ahí donde surge la gran oportunidad para las comunidades vulnerables.
Una de ellas es lo que llamamos Turismo Rural Comunitario (TRC), una metodología en desarrollo donde se trabaja con las comunidades excluidas en enclaves turísticos para formar habilidades en materia de creación, puesta en marcha y comercialización de productos turísticos de calidad, que pongan en valor sus tradiciones, su estilo de vida y su gastronomía, para diferenciarlos de otras ofertas turísticas.
El TRC tiene el objetivo de crear fuentes de ingresos alternativas a la agricultura, pastoreo y ganadería artesanal que mejoren las condiciones económicas de estos habitantes. Esto fomenta el emprendimiento colectivo donde las propias comunidades son protagonistas y empresarias, lo que garantiza el éxito y la sostenibilidad de este tipo de turismo.
Desde CAF -Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina- hemos apoyado algunos proyectos TRC en poblaciones autóctonas en Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú. La particularidad de aquellos es que están liderados en un 55% por mujeres; las comunidades gozan de un 30% de mejoras en sus ingresos, y reciben el doble de visitantes.
Quienes apostamos por el progreso originario por y para la región no podemos perder de vista al turismo como un elemento esencial. Por ello, debemos entender que ese desarrollo sólo puede ocurrir gracias al capital humano de los países que la comprenden. Sólo promoviendo el desarrollo de capacidades y talentos para generar valor -en esos latinoamericanos vulnerables y excluidos- podemos apuntalar un crecimiento seguro y sostenido.
Las bondades del TRC superan las mejoras económicas pues no sólo funge como un elemento de inclusión productiva, sino que también se destaca por ser una herramienta muy poderosa de inclusión social de mujeres y jóvenes campesinos vulnerables, quienes logran una vida material y humanas digna a partir de mostrar, de forma respetuosa, su historia, sus costumbres y su lugar en la sociedad actual.
*María Eugenia Miquilena es experta en sostenibilidad social en CAF
A geração de oportunidades na maioria dos países do mundo, através de políticas de incentivos e investimentos, lamentávelmente premia, ou ajudam a quem não precisam ajudar, ou seja as grandes corporações internacionais, deixando de lado o fomento, apoio e legislação específica ao Turismo de BASE cOMUNITÁRIA, QUE EU CHAMO DE tURISMO E pARTICIPAÇÃO cOMUNITÁRIA, POIS PODE ABRANGER TAMBÉM OS ARTISTAS, O FOLCORE, O ARTESNATO CONFECCIONADOS PElas pessoas mais carentes nos núcleos receptores.
O CAF pode ser um instrumento de difusão e apoioem toda a Améica Latina, attravés de encontros, seminários, simpósios que conscientizassem,tanto as estruturas de governo e os legislativo, quanto as populações do campo e da cidades.
No habia regresado tu blog por un tiempo, porque me pareció que era denso, pero los últimos articulos son de buena calidad, así que supongo que voy a añadirte a mi lista de sitios web cotidiana. Te lo mereces amigo. 🙂
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