Luis Fernando Rincón, abogado de trayectoria internacional, señala los aspectos fundamentales para implementar un centro de arbitraje en la región.
María José Saavedra • Centroamérica
Las empresas familiares deben de contar con reglas claras para poder perdurar de generación en generación, y crecer de una manera sana y transparente, explica Luis Fernando Rincón, abogado creyente del gobierno corporativo, pero aún más de que las empresas en la región centroamericana tengan una forma diferente, más eficiente y a menores costos de dirimir sus diferencias. En su opinión, la clave está en instituir un centro de arbitraje regional como ya existe en Colombia, Perú y Panamá y que ayudaría no solo a dirimir los problemas comerciales de una manera más expedita, sino también incrementaría la inversión y reconocimiento para el istmo.
Rincón es abogado de profesión y actualmente es socio director jurídico de la firma Rincón-Cuéllar & Asociados con presencia en Colombia, Suiza y El Salvador. Además es árbitro de la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá y de la salvadoreña. Desde su experiencia habló con El Economista.
En Centroamérica, el grueso de las empresas son micro, pequeña, mediana, y además familiares. ¿Cómo concientizarlas sobre la importancia de un gobierno corporativo en su administración?
El porcentaje de empresas familiares en Centroamérica es muy alto, y un gran número de ellas no va más allá de la tercera generación, con lo que se pierde el esfuerzo de su creador. Simultáneamente esto va en deterioro de las economías de cada país y de las familias que viven de dichas empresas. Los accionistas propietarios deben tener claro su rol y deben estructurar una correcta administración en donde cada una de las partes respete al otro, y a los terceros directamente conectados con la empresa. Lo anterior a través de unas reuniones dirigidas, en donde la conclusión sea la firma de unos documentos que garanticen dichos acuerdos.
¿Cuánto podría prolongar o mejorar la vida y las ganancias de una empresa el sistema de gobierno corporativo?
El gobierno corporativo permite ordenar la casa y poder competir de manera sabia, transparente y estructurada, pero no es garantía de la generación de las utilidades de la compañía. Estas dependen de la administración correcta y estratégica que lleven a cabo las personas que dirigen la empresa. El caso es que, por mi experiencia, puedo decir que las empresas y los accionistas que han implementado un sistema de gobierno corporativo han llegado más alto que las demás, al crecer de una manera sana, ordenada y transparente.
Usted es un fiel creyente de instaurar un centro de arbitraje en la región. ¿Cuál es la situación actual de las empresas para dirimir diferencias?
Centroamérica es un mercado que está en continuo crecimiento, en donde sus actores a nivel comercial han comenzado a ser protagonistas a nivel latinoamericano e incluso mundial. Actualmente, los empresarios centroamericanos ven el sistema de arbitraje como lejano y costoso, y prefieren resolver sus eventuales disputas ante el juez nacional competente. Eventualmente, lo hacen ante un árbitro de alguna cámara de Miami, Panamá, Bogotá y Lima. Estoy convencido, y lo venimos trabajando con varios abogados latinoamericanos, de establecer un Centro de Arbitraje Centroamericano (CAC) que ofrezca todas las garantías de los grandes centros, con una atención de primer nivel, para tratar temas de comercio regional inicialmente, pero después para darle un impulso a nivel mundial. Un centro de arbitraje que conozca cómo funcionan y como se comportan los comerciantes centroamericanos.
¿Cuánto en tiempo y costos le demora a una empresa resolver por la vía legal en C. A. vs. una con el mismo problema en Colombia, donde sí hay un centro de arbitraje?
Estamos haciendo el estudio de las legislaciones y de los tiempos que toman los arbitrajes en cada país centroamericano para publicar a final del año.
¿Cuáles son las ventajas prácticas y cómo abonaría al clima de negocios contar con un centro de arbitraje?
Los centros de arbitraje aportan beneficios al país que pertenecen, incluidos mayores flujos de inversión y mayor percepción de seguridad jurídica. Además de los ingresos indirectos en servicios como la capacidad hotelera, restaurantes, traductores, entre otros. Son varios los países alrededor del mundo que se han concentrado en establecer un régimen de arbitraje y conciliación competitivo, que garantice a las partes transparencia y neutralidad, y les ha permitido avanzar tanto en reconocimiento como a nivel económico. Esto no es un efecto automático, sino que se consigue con planeación, esfuerzo y dedicación.
Para implementar el CAC en la región, ¿quiénes deben promoverlo?
En esencia, debe haber una llave de los dos sectores (privado y gobierno), en un escenario basado en una ley que dé confianza a los nacionales y extranjeros. Debe garantizar una lista excelsa de árbitros, unas excelentes instalaciones y un servicio impecable, con unos precios adecuados, en donde los usuarios se sientan tranquilos e identificados.
¿Cuál es la experiencia en Latinoamérica que más le puede servir de espejo a los centroamericanos?
La ley peruana de arbitraje es un ejemplo a nivel mundial, pero también destaco el arbitraje colombiano, el panameño y el chileno.
¿Cuáles son las repercusiones de no contar con un centro de arbitrajes?
Que las disputas legales sean asumidas por los tribunales comunes de cada país, ateniéndose al tiempo de estos, lo cual se representa en tiempo y dinero. Mientras que a través de un arbitraje una disputa puede resolverse en menor plazo, lo cual significa menores costos. •
Son varios los países alrededor del mundo que se han concentrado en establecer un régimen de arbitraje y conciliación competitivo”.
“El gobierno corporativo permite ordenar la casa y poder competir de manera sabia, transparente y estructurada”.
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