Por Carlota Real, ejecutiva de desarrollo social en CAF –banco de desarrollo de América Latina
En los últimos años, América Latina ha mejorado significativamente la gestión del agua, especialmente en lo referente a la expansión de la cobertura de los servicios: hoy en día, el 94,6% de los latinoamericanos disfruta de agua potable (89,6% en 2000) y el 83,1% tiene acceso a fuentes de saneamiento mejoradas (74,7% en 2000).
De todas formas, cuando hablamos de la gestión de los recursos hídricos, sistemáticamente aparece una asignatura pendiente: las aguas residuales. Actualmente, más del 70% de éstas que se generan en la región son devueltas al medio natural -ríos, mares o tierras- sin ningún tratamiento. Esto impacta negativamente en la salud pública, la preservación de los recursos naturales, el medio ambiente y el sector productivo, siendo las poblaciones vulnerables con más mala calidad de servicios las que se llevan la peor parte.
Las consecuencias económicas también son evidentes: en muchas ocasiones el costo del impacto generado por estos residuos supera a la inversión necesaria para depurar las propias aguas residuales. Por ejemplo, las fuentes de agua están cada vez más contaminadas, y requieren de procesos de potabilización más intensos y por lo tanto más costosos. Además, el agua contaminada suele ser el origen de múltiples enfermedades, lo cual no solo representa un gran riesgo para las personas sino que también aumenta considerablemente el gasto de los Estados en salud.
Paralelamente, el acelerado proceso de urbanización en América Latina ha incrementado el flujo de aguas residuales en las ciudades, hecho que ha desbordado la capacidad de las pequeñas y medianas empresas que no suelen contar con la infraestructura ni el desarrollo tecnológico necesario. Esto, sumado al hecho de que un 40% de los servicios de saneamiento en zonas urbanas no están conectados a sistemas de alcantarillado, supone una enorme carga para el medio ambiente.
Paradójicamente, la alta tasa de urbanización ha generado procesos de aglomeración de las ciudades latinoamericanas que facilitan y economizan la depuración de sus aguas residuales, en contraste con las diseminadas poblaciones rurales que requieren mayores inversiones en infraestructura.
Inversiones necesarias
Según un estudio realizado por CAF, entre 2010 y 2030 los países de la región deberían invertir 33.000 millones de dólares en infraestructura para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, y otros 79.000 millones en alcantarillado, para lograr depurar el 64% de las aguas tratadas y alcanzar un 94% de cobertura en alcantarillado.
En la mayoría de los países de América Latina se ha comprendido esta realidad y se están tomando acciones al respecto. Panamá, por ejemplo, ha trabajado en los últimos años en el Proyecto de Saneamiento de la Ciudad y Bahía, que incluye obras de alcantarillado, plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales y distintos trabajos de fortalecimiento institucional orientados a reforzar las capacidades de operación y mantenimiento.
Hay que resaltar este último punto, ya que una parte importante para asegurar el éxito de estas intervenciones y evitar que caigan en saco roto es el desarrollo de las capacidades de los tomadores de decisión y de los técnicos encargados de supervisar la ejecución, mantenimiento y operación de la infraestructura.
Conscientes de esta problemática y del gran desafío al que se enfrenta la región en términos técnicos como financieros, CAF, en conjunto con la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID), el Banco Mundial y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), organizará un curso sobre tratamiento de aguas residuales y operación de estaciones depuradoras. Este se realizará en Madrid del 5 al 15 de septiembre de 2016 y será impartido por el Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas (CEDEX), adscrito al Ministerio de Alimentación Medio Ambiente (MAGRAMA) de España. El público objetivo son los directivos y personal responsable de la toma de decisiones del sector en América Latina, que provienen de empresas gestoras de servicios, organismos ejecutores de proyectos y/o de las administraciones públicas de la región.
De esta manera, se busca promover y transmitir el conocimiento adquirido en la experiencia española sobre el tratamiento de aguas residuales y orientarlo a la realidad latinoamericana. El propósito final del curso es contribuir a fortalecer las capacidades de los actores en el diseño de proyectos y la planificación sectorial, así como proporcionar herramientas, enfoques conceptuales y criterios de decisión a los participantes. Ello, para cerrar las brechas que alejan a la región del objetivo en materia de tratamiento de aguas residuales, esencial para mejorar la salud de todos los latinoamericanos y evitar la degradación ambiental proveniente de las aguas no tratadas.
DJHuxr Very nice info and right to the point. I am not sure if this is actually the best place to ask but do you people have any thoughts on where to employ some professional writers? Thanks in advance
Very nice info and right to the point. I am not sure if this is actually the best place to ask but do you people have any thoughts on where to employ some professional writers? Thanks in advance
The strategies mentioned in this article regarding to increase traffic at you own webpage are really pleasant, thanks for such fastidious paragraph.
Would appreciate to constantly get updated great blog !.
Thank you ever so for you blog.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on
very nice put up, i actually love this web site, carry on it
Very good article post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
What as up, I log on to your blogs regularly. Your story-telling style is witty, keep it up!
What as up, all is going fine here and ofcourse every
Thanks again for the blog post.Really thank you! Want more.
Thanks a lot for the article post. Awesome.
Outstanding quest there. What happened after? Thanks!
Usually I do not read post on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very compelled me to check out and do it! Your writing taste has been amazed me. Thank you, very nice article.
Thanks again for the blog article.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
It as impressive that you are getting ideas from this post as well as from our discussion made
lost on everything. Would you recommend starting with a
prada outlet ??????30????????????????5??????????????? | ????????
I really liked your article post.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Oh my goodness! an amazing article. Thank you!
Wow! This can be one particular of the most helpful blogs We ave ever arrive across on this subject. Basically Magnificent. I am also a specialist in this topic therefore I can understand your effort.
Real good information can be found on blog.
Thanks-a-mundo for the article post.Much thanks again. Really Cool.
What as Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It absolutely useful and it has aided me out loads. I hope to contribute & help other users like its helped me. Good job.
shopping so appаА аЂааА аЂаling. There are mаА аЂаny things which eveаА аБТy Internet shopper
SAC LOUIS VUITTON PAS CHER ??????30????????????????5??????????????? | ????????
Now I am going to do my breakfast, later than having my breakfast coming over again to read other news.|
Major thanks for the blog post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
I think other web site proprietors should take this site as an model, very clean and wonderful user genial style and design, as well as the content. You are an expert in this topic!
Im obliged for the blog post.Much thanks again.
Thank you for your blog article.Much thanks again. Really Cool.
I think this internet site has got some really fantastic info for everyone . аЂааЂ Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.аЂ аЂа by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
I truly appreciate this blog post. Much obliged.
I was recommended this blog by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as no one else know such detailed about my problem. You are incredible! Thanks!
There is noticeably a bundle to learn about this. I assume you made sure nice points in features also.
that has been a long time coming. It will strengthen the viability
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic post. Keep writing.
wow, awesome blog post.Thanks Again. Great.
I think this is a real great article post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
wow, awesome post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great.
Very interesting subject , regards for putting up.
I simply could not depart your web site prior to suggesting that I extremely enjoyed the standard info a person provide on your guests? Is going to be again often in order to check out new posts
Really appreciate you sharing this blog.Really looking forward to read more.
Really appreciate you sharing this blog post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
I think this is a real great blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great.
There is visibly a bundle to identify about this. I think you made some nice points in features also.
Stop Protesting And Start your own special men Advertising and marketing campaign In exchange
Your style is so unique in comparison to other folks I ave read stuff from. I appreciate you for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just bookmark this blog.
Really informative article post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Great.
Major thanks for the blog article. Will read on
My blog site is in the exact same niche as yours and my visitors would certainly benefit from some of the
Some genuinely excellent blog posts on this site, appreciate it for contribution.
The Jets open the season at their new stadium next Monday night against the Baltimore Ravens.
Website worth visiting below you all find the link to some sites that we think you should visit
Looking around While I was browsing yesterday I noticed a great article concerning
Valuable info. Lucky me I found your web site by chance, and I am surprised why this coincidence did not happened earlier! I bookmarked it.
long time watcher and I just thought IaаАабТТаЂааАабТТаБТd drop by and say hello there for the extremely very first time.
This very blog is really awesome and also factual. I have chosen many handy stuff out of this source. I ad love to go back again and again. Thanks!
Wow! This can be one particular of the most useful blogs We ave ever arrive across on this subject. Actually Magnificent. I am also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort.
Sweet internet site, super pattern , real clean and utilize genial.
Simply wanna remark that you have a very nice web site , I love the design and style it really stands out.
You completed a number of nice points there. I did a search on the issue and found nearly all people will have the same opinion with your blog.
Wow, great blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
Just what I was looking for, thanks for putting up. There are many victories worse than a defeat. by George Eliot.
News info I was reading the news and I saw this really interesting info
You have brought up a very superb points , thankyou for the post.
you have a great weblog right here! would you like to make some invite posts on my weblog?
Your style is so unique in comparison to other folks I ave read stuff from. Many thanks for posting when you ave got the opportunity, Guess I all just bookmark this blog.
Perfectly pent written content, Really enjoyed reading.
Muchos Gracias for your blog.Thanks Again. Great.
Really appreciate you sharing this article post.Much thanks again. Great.
imp source I want to start selling hair bows. How do I get a website started and what are the costs?. How do I design it?.
The hit musical Fela to be staged in Lagos
Really informative article post.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
Some really interesting info , well written and generally user pleasant.
That is a good tip particularly to those new to the blogosphere. Simple but very accurate info Thank you for sharing this one. A must read article!
Normally I don at read post on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very pressured me to check out and do so! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thank you, very great post.
Thanks a lot for the post.Much thanks again. Want more.
You made some first rate points there. I regarded on the web for the problem and located most people will associate with together with your website.
Perfectly pent written content, Really enjoyed examining.
Pretty! This was an extremely wonderful post. Thank you for supplying these details.
This web site definitely has all of the information I wanted about this subject and didn at know who to ask.
sleekness as well as classiness. An elegant ladies watch that
Major thanks for the blog article. Will read on
Thank you for sharing your info. I truly appreciate your efforts and I am waiting for your further post thanks once again.
Very useful information particularly the last part I care for such
Very good article post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
Tumblr article I saw someone talking about this on Tumblr and it linked to
Thanks again for the blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
Yay google is my king aided me to find this outstanding website !.
qGYqqm post. They are very convincing and can certainly work. Nonetheless, the posts are very brief for starters.
Thanks for helping out, excellent info. The surest way to be deceived is to think oneself cleverer than the others. by La Rochefoucauld.
Thank you ever so for you article post.Really thank you! Cool.
Very informative blog article.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic blog.Really thank you! Awesome.
Thanks for the blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Thank you for your blog article. Fantastic.
of him as nobody else know such designated about my trouble.
Major thanks for the blog.Really thank you! Much obliged.
Thank you ever so for you blog.Really looking forward to read more.
Thanks for the article post. Really Cool. buy ventolin
Wow, awesome blog structure! How long have you ever been blogging for? you make blogging glance easy. The whole look of your web site is fantastic, as well as the content material!
Major thanks for the blog post.Much thanks again. Will read on
Wow, superb blog layout! How long have you ever been running a blog for? you made blogging look easy. The whole glance of your web site is excellent, let alone the content!
Thanks again for the post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
You have observed very interesting details! ps nice web site.
not operating correctly in Explorer but looks
In my opinion you commit an error. I suggest it to discuss. Write to me in PM, we will talk.
Yo, I am ranking the crap out of cb auto profits.
Thanks again for the blog article. Really Great.
Thankyou for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting information.
Very good post! We are linking to this great content on our site. Keep up the good writing.
Would love to perpetually get updated outstanding web site!.
Wow, incredible blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your website is magnificent, let alone the content!
Really informative article.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
I will immediately seize your rss feed as I can not in finding your email subscription link or newsletter service. Do you ave any? Kindly permit me know so that I may subscribe. Thanks.
Really enjoyed this blog article.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon!
Very good info. Lucky me I recently found your site by chance (stumbleupon).
Wow, marvelous blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your website is excellent, let alone the content!
You certainly know how to bring a problem to light and make it important.
Lovely website! I am loving it!! Will be back later to read some more. I am taking your feeds also
we came across a cool internet site that you just may well appreciate. Take a search in the event you want
Wow, marvelous blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your website is magnificent, as well as the content!
My brother suggested I might like this website. He was entirely right. This post truly made my day. You can not imagine simply how much time I had spent for this info! Thanks!|
This will most certainly increase your chances of conversion.
Very good article. I certainly love this site. Stick with it!
Your location is valueble for me. Thanks! cheap jordans
This website certainly has all of the information and facts I needed concerning this subject and didn at know who to ask.
You made some good points there. I looked on the internet for the subject matter and found most guys will approve with your site.
Perfectly written subject matter, thanks for entropy.
It as going to be finish of mine day, but before finish I am reading this great article to increase my know-how.
You ave made some good points there. I checked on the net to learn more about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this web site.
Nice blog here! Also your web site loads up very fast! What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my site loaded up as fast as yours lol
Im grateful for the blog article.Much thanks again. Really Great.
I take pleasure in, result in I found exactly what I used to be taking a look for. You have ended my four day lengthy hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye
wow, awesome blog.Much thanks again. Great.
Really informative article.Thanks Again. Really Cool. anal creampie
Never Ignore The significance Of Extras Like Speaker systems
lectura cartas del tarot gratis tirada tarot gratis amor
Major thankies for the blog.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
It as really a great and helpful piece of information. I am happy that you simply shared this helpful information with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
Some truly great blog posts on this site, thankyou for contribution.
Roman Polanski How do I allow contributors to see only their uploads in WordPress?
Say, you got a nice blog post.Much thanks again. Great.
Just wanna input that you have got a really great site, I enjoy the design and style it truly stands out.
I really liked your article.Really thank you! Want more.
I was recommended this website by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as no one else know such detailed about my problem. You are amazing! Thanks!
Really enjoyed this post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
pretty useful material, overall I believe this is really worth a bookmark, thanks
Im grateful for the blog.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
That is a great tip particularly to those new to the blogosphere. Simple but very precise info Appreciate your sharing this one. A must read post!
You have made some really good points there. I checked on the net for additional information about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this web site.
to say that I have really loved browsing your weblog posts.
It as not that I want to duplicate your web-site, but I really like the style and design. Could you tell me which theme are you using? Or was it especially designed?
like so, bubble booty pics and keep your head up, and bowling bowl on top of the ball.
informative. I am gonna watch out for brussels.
Wow, marvelous weblog format! How lengthy have you been running a blog for? you make blogging look easy. The entire look of your site is wonderful, as well as the content!
There is apparently a lot to realize about this. I think you made some nice points in features also.
It is really a nice and helpful piece of information. I am satisfied that you simply shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thank you for sharing.
Very informative blog article.Really thank you! Really Great.
Major thanks for the blog.Much thanks again. Great.