Las catedrales fueron, durante muchos siglos, las construcciones más relevantes que se erigieron sobre la tierra, fruto del esfuerzo de miles de personas durante décadas. A partir del Siglo XIX las factorías y naves industriales tomaron el relevo, convirtiéndose en los laboratorios en los que se experimentaba con nuevos sistemas constructivos que pudiesen salvar las grandes luces estructurales requeridas por los nuevos procesos fabriles.
A partir del comienzo del Siglo XX, fueron los espacios retail y las galerías comerciales las arquitecturas que consiguieron generar asombro y entusiasmo mediante la construcción de espacios urbanos para el encuentro y el deambular metropolitano, y que posteriormente evolucionarían (y se distorsionarían) hacia el concepto del denominado Mall suburbano norteamericano posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial. A finales del Siglo XX, con la llegada de la globalización y las aerolíneas de bajo coste, fueron los aeropuertos internacionales los que comenzaron, una vez más, a empujar los límites constructivos y tipológicos conocidos, construyéndose complejos de uso mixto de una escala sin precedentes y que aglutinaban no solo los espacios relacionados con el transporte aéreo sino también una plétora de espacios complementarios comerciales, hoteleros, de ocio y residenciales.
Con el comienzo del nuevo milenio y el desarrollo exponencial de las nuevas tecnologías, son los espacios de trabajo y las sedes corporativas de las nuevas compañías las construcciones que más interés están generando en los medios de comunicación como respuesta a las innovaciones que plantean a multitud de niveles. La batalla por la atracción y retención del talento en el sector tecnológico ha hecho que la remuneración económica no pueda, por sí sola, atraer a las mejores mentes. Es por ello que las empresas están desarrollando estrategias en su espacio interior que van más allá de la propia arquitectura, y que pretenden fomentar una verdadera comunidad social y creativa en las que sus empleados sientan que su trabajo tiene un sentido (purpose) e impacto en la sociedad.
El nuevo mantra del purpose de las empresas tecnológicas se ha gestado sin lugar a dudas en caldo de cultivo hippy de la California de los 60 en los que estas empresas nacieron, de una u otra manera, y que han hecho que Silicon Valley sea lo que es en la actualidad.
El ethos de las nuevas empresas tecnológicas (Facebook, Google, Linkedin, AirBnB, Uber…etc) consiste en la cuadratura del círculo post-Siglo XX; se puede ser capitalista y socialista al mismo tiempo. Podemos hacer montañas de dinero haciendo que la gente comparta cosas en la mejor tradición del comunismo o la social democracia, y con ello creando un mundo mejor, más happy y más socialmente empoderado mediante la tecnología. Esta manera de entender el emprendimiento mediante la misión social está generando entornos laborales en los que la división entre la vida y el trabajo se desdibuja para lograr que las personas se auto expriman en pos de una misión redentora; salvar el mundo. Es por eso por lo que Google está construyendo ciudades y Facebook diseña drones del tamaño de un campo de fútbol (Aquila) para llevar su maná (también llamado wifi) a todos los rincones de este planeta. No basta con hacer dinero. Hay que cambiar el mundo.
Mientras tanto, el resto de los espacios de trabajo se han ido transformando poco a poco siguiendo este nuevo mantra y tratando de que algo de ese espíritu permee hacia los estratos más bajos de la pirámide corporativa en los que la gente normal trabajamos.
SI usted desea adaptarse a los tiempos y conseguir que su oficina genere comunidad y ganas de cambiar el mundo entre sus empleados, pruebe a hacer lo siguiente;
1/ Coloque un grifo de cerveza. Muy fría. Gratuita. Pemanente. A ser posible junto a la máquina de café. El gigante del espacio de trabajo compartido We Work lo tiene en más de sus 200 ubicaciones en todo el mundo, en un lugar privilegiado muy cerca de la entrada.
2/ Múdese a un edificio que tenga terrazas y en las que se pueda salir a respirar aire puro. No tolere los techos bajos y los falsos techos de catálogo. Huya de los materiales plásticos y sintéticos. Coloque madera en el suelo, pero madera de verdad. La falacia del mantenimiento técnico no puede sumergir a sus empleados en un océano de losetas de linóleo permanentemente descolocadas.
3/ No ubique sus oficinas en edificios que estén en las afueras de las ciudades y a los que sea imposible acceder en transporte público. El coche está muerto, al igual que el Siglo XX. No hay mayor sostenibilidad que ir al trabajo andando, en bicicleta o en metro. No encierre a sus empleados en planes urbanísticos fruto de malas decisiones políticas pasadas.
4/ Coloque plantas en sus oficinas, pero plantas de verdad. Muchas. Grandes y pequeñas. Que no sean liofilizadas ni por supuesto de plástico. Que huelan, que respiren. Los huertos también valen, sí.
5/ Piense en la felicidad de sus empleados. Pregúnteles. Piense en ellos, en lo que hacen durante todas las horas que pasan en sus oficinas. En lo que hacen en su tiempo libre.
Así trabajarán más y mejor para usted.
Guzmán de Yarza Blache, PhD
Academic Director of IE Master in Strategic Design of Spaces. Madrid-London
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